This Study aimed to investigate Iraqi women who experienced Spontaneous miscarriage, particularly missed and incomplete miscarriage, to identify potential diagnostic and predictive factors that may contribute to the prevention or treatment of this condition, as well as to evaluate the role of certain interleukins and tissue remodeling factors in spontaneous miscarriage.

This study used a case-control design to investigate the immunological and hormonal associations, as well as histological, pathological, and immunohistochemical changes with spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy. The Study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024 at Fatima Al-Zahraa Hospital for women and children in Baghdad Province. It included 180 pregnant women in their first trimester, divided into three groups of 60 samples each: the first group included missed miscarriage, the second included incomplete miscarriage, and the third was a control group with a normal, ongoing pregnancy. Placental tissue and the decidua were obtained only from cases of miscarriage after uterine evacuation, while venous blood samples were collected from all participants for immunological parameters and hormonal analyses.

• Implement early screening protocols for women in the first trimester that include assessment of inflammatory markers (e.g., VEGF) and key pregnancy hormones (hCG and Progesterone).
• Conduct large-scale, multicenter studies to validate the role of IL18, CD68, VEGF, and hormonal markers as predictive biomarkers.
• Investigate additional cytokines, immune cells, and molecular pathways involved in maternal-fetal immune tolerance.
• Perform longitudinal studies to assess temporal changes in biomarkers throughout pregnancy.
• Explore genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to spontaneous miscarriage.
• Future studies should assess estrogen levels in women with missed and incomplete miscarriage and investigate their potential role and effects on pregnancy loss.

The researcher was awarded an Excellent grade.