1. The study involved the synthesis and characterization of acyl hydrazide Schiff base ligands (acyl hydrazones) and a series of complexes featuring selected transition metals from the first and second series in various oxidation states. It also evaluated the potential of the synthesized materials to protect the metal specifically Steel 45 in three key areas: biological activity against corrosion-causing microbes; surface protection of iron through the formation of a protective coating via chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms; and the detection and sensing of corrosion zones. Thus, the study encompassed the preparation of multifunctional materials for the protection of the selected metal. Additionally, a crystalline compound was synthesized and characterized using state-of-the-art single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) techniques, and the resulting crystallographic data were deposited with a leading global academic institution in the field.advanced scientific and industrial applications, including:

   Biological and environmental applications: Isolating and identifying corrosion-causing microbes from oil-associated water samples at the Daura Refinery, and evaluating the biological activity of the synthesized compounds against these microbes (including sulfate-reducing bacteria, fungi such as Botrytis and Absidia) in comparison with standard pathogenic microbes.

   Engineering corrosion: Conducting corrosion and electrochemical impedance tests on steel (Steel 45) in an environment simulating Daura Refinery conditions using a 1 M sulfuric acid medium.

   Optical and electronic properties: Testing optical properties by fabricating thin films, measuring current, and calculating the energy gap via electronic spectroscopy; the results showed that all compounds belong to the semiconductor class. The experiment also succeeded in controlling and reducing the energy gap by developing a hybrid mixture using the iron complex as a reference and probe.

• Scientific Collaboration and Laboratories:The study was conducted in the Inorganic Chemistry laboratories of the Universities of Baghdad and Babylon, in addition to several specialized entities to complete the analyses, including:

  Scientific Research Authority: For isolating and identifying microbes and assessing biological activity.

  Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad (Physical Chemistry Laboratory): For corrosion and electrochemical impedance measurements. Testing and determining optical properties were carried out through voluntary collaboration with Prof. Dr. Amir Faisal from the Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad.

  Laboratories and Analyses: UV-Vis tests were conducted in the Service Laboratory at the College of Science for Women, and FTIR tests at the College of Science, University of Baghdad, while the remaining advanced spectroscopic analyses were performed at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran.

1-Adopt the preparation of chemical compounds in a pure crystalline form to ensure accurate characterization, purity, and the unique properties of crystalline materials.

2-Focus on the molecular design of ligands as it is the primary determinant of the compounds’ activity and responsiveness.

3-Expand the scope of multi-field applications for the synthesized compounds to ensure their utility in various industrial and environmental functions.

4-Utilize modern computational software in chemistry.