The objectives of this study are summarized as follows:

1-     To conduct a molecular docking study to compare the interactions of metformin and other medications with their respective molecular targets.

2-     To perform a comparative analysis of metformin and other medications by following up on measured vital biochemical parameters in patients.

3-     To measure the levels of  OCT-1 to find differences in its concentration among control subjects, patients, and across different drug treatments.

Other parameters, such as HbA1c, FBS, and lipid profile, were also measured in both the patient and healthy control groups.

The study was conducted at the University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women, Department of Chemistry, and at Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City, from September to December 2024.

OCT-1 protein levels were measured using the ELISA technique with the Human Reader HS device. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed using the G8 HPLC Analyzer. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile tests were performed using the Cobas c 111 analyzer

The most important recommendations which the study has come up with and the average obtained:

1. Future genetic studies should be conducted on the SLC22A1 gene to investigate how its polymorphisms affect OCT-1 protein expression levels and the binding affinity of the studied drugs.
2. Plasma drug concentrations, particularly for metformin and glimepiride, should be measured to correlate molecular docking scores with actual pharmacokinetic behavior, including absorption and distribution.
3. The clinical use of metformin and glimepiride combination therapy should be further encouraged based on the observed molecular synergy and the significant improvement in biochemical profiles.
4. Molecular docking techniques should be implemented as a predictive tool in clinical pharmacology to evaluate drug-protein binding affinity and transport efficiency prior to finalizing patient treatment protocols.