The aims of the study include studying the polymorphisms of the endothelin gene and studying the gene expression of EDN1, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37, along with studying the level of insulin (HbA1C+) and insulin resistance.

The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hormonal status, EDN1 gene polymorphisms, and the expression of EDN1, IL-1β, IL18, and IL37 genes that may affect type 2 diabetes patients and a control group, which was randomly collected from 50 type 2 diabetes patients and 50 healthy controls. All samples were collected during the period (March 2023 – August 2023) at the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Rusafa, Baghdad. The ages of all samples ranged between 28 and 65 years..

The results showed no statistically significant differences when comparing patients with the control group regarding BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, with a p-value > 0.05. Laboratory profile results showed significant differences between patients and controls according to HbA1c, FBS, insulin, and HOMA-IR, with a p-value < 0.01. Gene expression analysis of endothelin, IL-1β, and IL-37 showed a decrease, while IL-18 showed an increase in fold gene expression in patients compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between age and endothelin gene expression. Meanwhile, there was a positive correlation between age and IL-1β and IL-37 gene expression, with statistically significant differences, with a p-value < 0.05. There were also positive correlations between HbA1c and endothelin, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 gene expression, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Gene expression of endothelin, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 was associated with increased HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients. There was a negative correlation between gene expression of endothelin and IL-18 in the studied groups. The decreased gene expression of endothelin, IL-1β, and IL-37 and the increased IL-18 may be due to the inflammatory state.

 Excellent