The study investigates the air quality around selected fuel stations in Baghdad, focusing on seasonal variations (dry and wet) to determine how climatic factors influence pollution levels. Furthermore, the study explores the accumulation of harmful substances in the bodies of fuel station workers. This provides insight into the extent of exposure and the potential long-term health risks that workers face. Ten fuel stations were selected from various districts of Baghdad city, to make sure a comprehensive illustration of potential pollution levels in different work environments at two seasons, dry and wet. The air pollutant concentrations were measured, including gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, and O3, CO2), Total Suspended Particles (TSP), and PM2.5, PM10. Also some metrological elements such as, air temperature and humidity in the inside and surrounding air of the study stations. At the same time, the random biological samples were collected (thirty hair and nail samples) to analyze and detect the accumulation of toxic substances, including benzene and PAHs.

The results of the showed that all measured pollutant had higher concentrations during the dry season including TSP (0.93 µg/m³), PM10 (0,34 µg/m³), PM2,5 (0,08 µg/m³), CO2 (47,37 µg/m³), SO₂ (0,17 µg/m³) and O3 (0,03 µg/m³), with the exception of NO2    (0,13 µg/m³), which were higher during the wet season. The results showed a significant increase in PAHs (Benzo{a}pyrene (, Benzo{k}fluromethene, and pyrene) and benzene in hair (59.04) and nail (66,93) samples taken from fuel station workers, the compounds that showed higher concentrations in hair samples are benzene (16,36) and pyrene (542,19),whil the compounds that showed higher concentrations in nail samples are Benzo{a}pyrene(28,37),and Benzo{k}fluromethene(14.21). The concentration of these pollutants was statically similar in both matrices (hair and nail), no statically significant difference was observed, which is consistent with the analysis of variance (p=0.080). The results showed that the most prevalent compounds in wet season are benzene (154,30 µg/m³),benzokfluoranthene(3,78 µg/m³), benzo[a]pyrene(40,68 µg/m³) ,and in dry seasonpyrene (1029,76 µg/m³) and benz[a,h]anthracene(721,77µg/m³),benzo[g.h.i]perlene(4.56µg/m³)and benzo[a]anthracene(6.69 µg/m³). There is a high statically relationship between the location of fuel fuel stations and the number of pollutants emitted into the air(p<0.001), as well as a high statically relationship relationship between the type of season (wet or dry) and the number of pollutants emitted from the stations(p<0.001) , a high statically relationship relationship between the type of season (wet or dry) and the location of the stations (p<0.001) and  a high statically relationship between the sites of the stations (p<0,001).

Measurements have shown that most pollutants increase with rising temperatures in the dry season. This proposes effective strategies to reduce emissions, protect workers, and minimize the overall health risks associated with air pollution in Baghdad.

The researcher was awarded the grade of Very good.