This study aimed to assess indoor air quality and environmental conditions in primary schools in Al-Karkh, Baghdad, by measuring major pollutants and environmental parameters and comparing public and private schools across dry and wet seasons. It also evaluated compliance with international guidelines and the effects of season and school type. The findings were used to identify key indoor environmental problems and recommend measures to improve air quality, ventilation, and school environments.

The thesis concluded that indoor environmental quality in primary schools in Al-Karkh, Baghdad, was clearly influenced by season, school type, and surrounding conditions. Particulate matter emerged as a major air pollutant, with levels exceeding international recommendations, particularly in schools near traffic and urban activities. Elevated CO₂ levels were observed in some classrooms due to overcrowding and poor ventilation, while some private schools showed higher levels of VOCs and formaldehyde, likely related to furniture, finishing materials, and cleaning products. Other problems included high humidity, low temperatures during the wet season, insufficient lighting in some public schools, and excessive lighting in private schools.

The thesis recommended improve classroom ventilation systems, regulating window opening, and performing regular maintenance of air-conditioning systems to reduce pollutant accumulation. It also recommends controlling sources of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, improve cleaning practices by using low-emission materials, enhance lighting, thermal and humidity conditions, and expand green spaces around schools.

The researcher was awarded the grade of Excellent.