The objectives of this study are summarized as follows:

1. To evaluate the potential use of an aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba in treating knee and bone degeneration in rats caused by glucocorticoid cream, using blood indices (calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, osteocalcin, estrogen, and catalase) and histological examination of rat bone.

2. To determine the specific bacterial activity using two types of nutrient-poor, gram-negative bacteria

The study was conducted at the University of Baghdad, College of Science for Women (Department of Chemistry), and the Biotechnology Research Center at Al-Nahrain University, from August to November 2024. Calcium and phosphorus levels were measured using colorimetric analysis, while calcitonin, osteocalcin, estrogen, and catalase were measured using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Intake) with a Human Reader HS instrument.

The most important recommendations which the study has come up with and the average obtained:

1-    While current results are promising in animal models, future randomized clinical trials are necessary to verify the extract’s therapeutic efficacy and safety.

2-    Ginkgo biloba aqueous extract is suggested as a natural antioxidant supplement for people undergoing glucocorticoid medication In order to evaluate bone health, routine monitoring of bone mineral density is also recommended.

3-    More research is needed on its therapeutic potential and absorption into the body to gain a deeper understanding of the aqueous extract of Ginkgo biloba pharmacological action.

4-    It is recommended that further studies be conducted using genetic and macroscopic approaches to elucidate the potential effects of Ginkgo biloba on osteoporosis and other related conditions.

5-    Using Ginkgo biloba extract to treat other non-osteoporotic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and tumors to determine its effect on these diseases in terms of certain biochemical factors related to each type of the studied.