The thesis aimed to investigate the molecular and genetic relationship between obesity and endometriosis in Iraqi women, focusing on hormonal alterations, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and gene expression analysis of MAPKAPK3 and PTPN22 genes, as well as evaluating their potential as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers.

This observational case-control study was conducted in Baghdad and included 60 participants: 40 women diagnosed with endometriosis and 20 healthy obese women as a control group. Hormone levels (estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin) and lipid levels were assessed in all patients and samples. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a subset of 8 samples (4 patients and 4 controls) to identify genetic variants associated with inflammatory, autoimmune, and hormonal pathways. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis was performed to assess the gene expression levels of MAPKAPK3 and PTPN22 in 55 samples..

The most important recommendations which the study has come up with and the average obtained:

The study concluded that endometriosis in Iraqi women is associated with hormonal imbalance and significant inflammatory and autoimmune-related genetic alterations, with obesity potentially acting as a contributing factor. Hormonal analysis demonstrated that, among patients, estrogen levels were significantly decreased, while progesterone and prolactin levels were significantly increased compared to their established normal reference ranges (P < 0.05) .RT-qPCR results showed significant upregulation of PTPN22 (8.088-fold) and MAPKAPK3 (2.816-fold) in patient samples.These findings highlight the potential of MAPKAPK3 and PTPN22 as promising non-invasive molecular biomarkers for early detection of endometriosis, particularly in obese women.

the average obtained: excellent