{"id":9717,"date":"2025-10-08T10:41:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T07:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717"},"modified":"2025-11-09T10:36:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T07:36:31","slug":"primary-productivity-of-phytoplankton-and-benthic-algae-in-baghdad-tourist-island-lake-and-the-related-environmental-changes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717","title":{"rendered":"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″]

<\/div>
<\/div>

Dissertation <\/span><\/span>Discussion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The College of Science for Women \/ University of Baghdad examined the thesis entitled (Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) of the student (Saja Hassan\u00a0 Al-Abdulameer), in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor in\u00a0 Biology\/Ecology Supervised by Prof. Dr. Fikrat M. Hassan.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div><\/div>
<\/div>
<\/div>
<\/i>
Objectives of the Dissertation <\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]The\u00a0 Dissertation aims to :<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>The thesis was conducted to\u00a0 the primary productivity of algae (phytoplankton and benthic algae) and to study the physicochemical properties of the water.It also focuses on identifying the limiting nutrients for algal growth, understanding the factors affecting primary productivity, and analyzing the algal community composition and its seasonal changes.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>

<\/i>
Content of the Dissertation <\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]The study includes a research study on\u00a0 the assessment of the environmental status of Baghdad Tourist Island Lake through the estimation of the primary productivity of algal communities and the measurement of the physicochemical properties of the water. It also involves a quantitative and qualitative analysis of algal communities, including phytoplankton and benthic algae. Moreover, several key ecological indices were calculated, namely: diversity indices, the Iraqi Water Quality Index, the Environmental Risk Index, and Carlson\u2019s Trophic State Index.<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>
<\/i>
Dissertation Recommendations<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]The study concluded that\u00a0 Baghdad Island Lake revealed that the water exhibits good aeration, high hardness, and a tendency toward alkalinity. Based on productivity measurements and Carlson\u2019s Trophic State Index, the lake is classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic, indicating low to moderate nutrient levels. Biodiversity indices showed a high degree of biological diversity, while the algal community displayed temporal fluctuations, suggesting that environmental factors play a significant role in shaping phytoplankton dynamics. These findings highlight the ecological significance of the lake and emphasize the need for continued monitoring and sustainable management. Furthermore, the study provides a foundation for future ecological assessments and conservation planning aimed at preserving the lake\u2019s water quality and biological integrity amid ongoing environmental pressures.[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>
<\/i>
Dissertation Grade<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]The final grade: Excellent[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>
<\/i>
Picture of the Committee members<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5OTM3JTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″]

<\/div>[vc_single_image image=”9719″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5OTM3JTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9719″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":9719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[14,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doctorate","category-postgraduate-discussions"],"yoast_head":"\n(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5OTM3JTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9719″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"College of Science for Women\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-08T07:41:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-09T07:36:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"910\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"csw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"csw\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717\",\"name\":\"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-08T07:41:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-09T07:36:31+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":910},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/\",\"name\":\"College of Science for Women\",\"description\":\"University of baghdad\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de\",\"name\":\"csw\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"csw\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?author=29\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women","og_description":"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5OTM3JTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9719″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] ...","og_url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717","og_site_name":"College of Science for Women","article_published_time":"2025-10-08T07:41:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-11-09T07:36:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":910,"url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"csw","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"csw","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717","name":"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes) - College of Science for Women","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg","datePublished":"2025-10-08T07:41:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-09T07:36:31+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-10-07-at-23.54.32_33f33556-e1759909908817.jpg","width":1200,"height":910},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9717#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"(Primary productivity of Phytoplankton and Benthic algae in Baghdad Tourist Island Lake and the related environmental changes)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/","name":"College of Science for Women","description":"University of baghdad","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de","name":"csw","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"csw"},"url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?author=29"}]}},"modified_by":"csw","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9717"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10125,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9717\/revisions\/10125"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}