{"id":9281,"date":"2025-08-25T10:18:29","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281"},"modified":"2025-08-25T10:27:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:27:36","slug":"masters-thesis-in-the-college-of-science-for-women-discusses-the-use-of-liquid-biofertilizer-with-reduced-doses-of-chemical-fertilizer-to-improve-the-yield-of-maize-zea-mays-l-compared-to-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281","title":{"rendered":"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″]

<\/div>

Master’s <\/span><\/span>Discussion<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The College of Science for Women at the University of Baghdad examined a master\u2019s thesis entitled \u201cthe use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays<\/em> L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer.\u201d, presented by the postgraduate student Suad Ibrahim Turki, as a requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Biology – Botany. The study was supervised by Dr. Arwa Abdul Kareem Tawfiq and Dr. Raffal Esmaeil Majeed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div><\/div>
<\/div>
<\/div>
<\/i>
Objectives of the Thesis<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

The thesis aimed to study the effect of liquid and solid biofertilizers\u2014composed of various types of bacteria\u2014on the growth and productivity of maize, to determine the most effective method of application (seed mixing or foliar spray), while using reduced concentrations of chemical fertilizers in different combinations with the biofertilizer to minimize dependency on chemical inputs.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>

<\/i>
Content of the Thesis<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

The thesis revealed significant results, the most notable being that the use of liquid biofertilizer produced better results than solid biofertilizer. Moreover, applying liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses (25% and 50%) of chemical fertilizer resulted in growth and yield characteristics that were equal to or better than those obtained using solid biofertilizer, and superior to those obtained with 100% chemical fertilizer alone.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>

<\/i>
recommendations<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\u00a0The study recommended reducin-*-+ g reliance on chemical fertilizers by combining liquid biofertilizer with lower chemical fertilizer doses, as this approach can achieve similar or even superior results compared to full chemical fertilization\u2014while also reducing environmental pollution and lowering production costs.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>

<\/i>
Final Evaluation<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n

\u00a0Very Good<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div>

<\/i>
Picture of members of heaven<\/div><\/span>
[vc_column_text css=””]<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n

[\/vc_column_text]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5NDE2JTIwJTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″]

<\/div>[vc_single_image image=”9283″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5NDE2JTIwJTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9283″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":9283,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-masters","category-postgraduate-discussions"],"yoast_head":"\nMaster\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5NDE2JTIwJTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9283″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"College of Science for Women\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-25T07:18:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-25T07:27:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"csw\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"csw\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281\",\"name\":\"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-25T07:18:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-25T07:27:36+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":960},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/\",\"name\":\"College of Science for Women\",\"description\":\"University of baghdad\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de\",\"name\":\"csw\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"csw\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?author=29\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women","og_description":"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” rtl_reverse=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1726859899671{margin-top: -150px !important;padding-top: 150px !important;padding-bottom: 60px !important;background-color: #f5f5f5 !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjQ5NDE2JTIwJTIyJTIwJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”9283″ img_size=”700×700″ alignment=”right” css=””][\/vc_column][\/vc_row] ...","og_url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281","og_site_name":"College of Science for Women","article_published_time":"2025-08-25T07:18:29+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-08-25T07:27:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":960,"url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"csw","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"csw","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281","name":"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer - College of Science for Women","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg","datePublished":"2025-08-25T07:18:29+00:00","dateModified":"2025-08-25T07:27:36+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/97\/2025\/08\/photo_2025-08-24_10-46-42.jpg","width":1280,"height":960},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9281#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Master\u2019s Thesis in the College of Science for Women Discusses the use of liquid biofertilizer with reduced doses of chemical fertilizer to improve the yield of maize Zea mays L compared to the locally produced solid biofertilizer"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/","name":"College of Science for Women","description":"University of baghdad","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/e2d8d23f32d2810ed05a93fd995a99de","name":"csw","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/975096ae94d110f34c0a04073463cc8b4e1348753830dceb23577827e607beec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"csw"},"url":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?author=29"}]}},"modified_by":"csw","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9281"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9285,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions\/9285"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}